Morphological and Physiological Response of Tomato to Sole and Combined Application of Vermicompost and Chemical Fertilizers

Chemical fertilizers are commonly used to meet the nutritional demands of crops and boost their yields. However, high costs excessive application in soils increase cost production have negative effects on soil environmental health. Vermicompost is an organic amendment that can potentially lessen dependence chemical fertilizers, with additional advantages sustainable nutrient supply maintaining To evaluate potential two diverse vermicompost, sole combined applications these vermicompost reduced rates were for tomato cultivation a field study. The results indicated produced from cattle manure was more effective improving growth, physiology, yield, attributes. Compared control treatment (NP applied), fertilizer significantly improved root length (21.6%), plant height (167%), SPAD value (13.5%), chlorophyll ‘a’ (96%), ‘b’ (161%), relative water content (16%), membrane stability index (18%), carotenoid (87%), yield (82%), photosynthetic rate (148%), fruit diameter (83%), protein (89%), fat (27.5%), fiber (12%), vitamin C (52%), calcium (54%), magnesium (117%), phosphorus (38%) potassium (128%). In addition, significant improvements different physicochemical properties also pragmatic. suggest doses be improve crop physico-chemical properties.